{"id":764,"date":"2012-10-22T22:43:27","date_gmt":"2012-10-22T22:43:27","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.norn.is\/kyndillinn\/?p=764"},"modified":"2017-10-27T10:21:57","modified_gmt":"2017-10-27T10:21:57","slug":"jafnrettisfraedsla-er-byggd-a-politiskri-hugmyndafraedi","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.norn.is\/kyndillinn\/jafnrettisfraedsla-er-byggd-a-politiskri-hugmyndafraedi\/","title":{"rendered":"Jafnr\u00e9ttisfr\u00e6\u00f0sla er bygg\u00f0 \u00e1 p\u00f3lit\u00edskri hugmyndafr\u00e6\u00f0i"},"content":{"rendered":"

\"pinker_Page_19\"<\/a>\u00c1 sama t\u00edma og efahyggjuf\u00f3lk berst fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma tr\u00fabo\u00f0i \u00fej\u00f3\u00f0kirkjunnar \u00fat \u00far barna-sk\u00f3lum, berjast feministar fyrir \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 koma s\u00ednu tr\u00fabo\u00f0i inn \u00ed sk\u00f3lana undir merkjum jafnr\u00e9ttisfr\u00e6\u00f0slu.\u00a0Og hverjir eru \u00feessir feministar? \u00dev\u00ed er svara\u00f0 \u00e1 vefs\u00ed\u00f0u Fem\u00ednstaf\u00e9lags \u00cdslands:<\/p>\n

Fem\u00ednisti er kona e\u00f0a karl sem veit a\u00f0 jafnr\u00e9tti kynjanna er ekki n\u00e1\u00f0 og vill gera eitthva\u00f0 \u00ed \u00fev\u00ed.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00deessi skilgreining er \u00e1g\u00e6tt d\u00e6mi um \u00fea\u00f0 hvernig kennivaldi\u00f0 leggur \u00fat af grundvallarhugmynd sem g\u00f3\u00f0 s\u00e1tt r\u00edkir um.\u00a0\u00a0Kirkjan byggir sitt kennivald \u00e1 „kristnum gildum“, feministahreyfingin \u00e6tlar a\u00f0 reisa sitt kennivald \u00e1 jafnr\u00e9ttishugsj\u00f3ninni.<\/p>\n

Kennivald er byggt \u00e1 vi\u00f0teknum hugmyndum<\/strong><\/h2>\n

S\u00fa manneskja er vandfundin sem hvergi s\u00e9r merki \u00feess a\u00f0 f\u00f3lki s\u00e9 mismuna\u00f0 \u00e1 grundvelli kynfer\u00f0is og a\u00f0 kynfer\u00f0i geti veri\u00f0 hindrun \u00ed vegi b\u00e6\u00f0i karla og kvenna. „Jafnr\u00e9ttisfr\u00e6\u00f0sla“ hlj\u00f3mar \u00fev\u00ed vel \u00ed eyrum \u00feess sem heldur a\u00f0 eitthva\u00f0 s\u00e9 a\u00f0 marka skilgreiningu feministaf\u00e9lagsins. Grandalausir foreldar telja jafnr\u00e9ttisfr\u00e6\u00f0slu merkja a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin ver\u00f0i vakin til umhugsunar um \u00fea\u00f0 hversvegna verk kvenna s\u00e9u oft vanmetin og hversvegna karlar eigi frekar \u00e1 h\u00e6ttu a\u00f0 vera sviptir samvistum vi\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin s\u00edn.\u00a0En feminismi er anna\u00f0 og meira en jafnr\u00e9ttisstefna, allavega s\u00e1 kynungur hans sem ve\u00f0ur uppi \u00e1 \u00cdslandi \u00ed dag. \u00c9g hef lagt til eftirfarandi skilgreiningu:<\/p>\n

Feminismi er tr\u00faarhreyfing f\u00f3lks sem \u00e1l\u00edtur a\u00f0 konur s\u00e9u alltaf og \u00ed \u00f6llum a\u00f0st\u00e6\u00f0um f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb, sem eigi a\u00f0 nj\u00f3ta forr\u00e9ttinda \u00fat \u00e1 \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 konur fyrri t\u00edma hafi veri\u00f0 f\u00f3rnarl\u00f6mb. Hver s\u00e1 sem ekki er samm\u00e1la \u00fev\u00ed er fulltr\u00fai fe\u00f0raveldisins og sennilega kynfer\u00f0islega brengla\u00f0ur.<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

\u00deetta er \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0horf sem afhj\u00fapast \u00ed or\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0u og verkum feminista. Sv\u00f6rin sem svokalla\u00f0ir kynjafr\u00e6\u00f0ingar munu gefa b\u00f6rnum vi\u00f0 ofangreindum spurningum um kynjamisr\u00e9tti eru \u00fev\u00ed \u00feau a\u00f0 konur s\u00e9u vanmetnar\u00a0vegna \u00feess a\u00f0 karlar sj\u00e1i s\u00e9r hag \u00ed a\u00f0 halda \u00feeim ni\u00f0ri<\/strong>\u00a0og a\u00f0 fe\u00f0ur s\u00e9u hindra\u00f0ir \u00ed umgengni vi\u00f0 b\u00f6rnin s\u00edn af \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 \u00feeir s\u00e9u\u00a0ofbeldismenn<\/strong>.<\/p>\n

\u00dej\u00f3\u00f0kirkjan bygg\u00f0i kennivald sitt \u00e1 „kristnum gildum“; hugmyndum sem samsta\u00f0a r\u00edkti um og h\u00f6f\u00f0u l\u00edti\u00f0 me\u00f0 kristind\u00f3m a\u00f0 gera. Mi\u00f0l\u00e6gt var \u00fea\u00f0 vi\u00f0horf a\u00f0\u00a0k\u00e6rleikur og fyrirgefning \u00e6ttu a\u00f0 einkenna samskipti manna. Til skamms t\u00edma lag\u00f0i svo kirkjan \u00fat af \u00feessum hugmyndum, m.a. \u00e1 \u00feann veg a\u00f0 mismuna b\u00e6ri f\u00f3lki \u00e1 grundvelli kynhneig\u00f0ar en fyrirgefa \u00feeim villu s\u00edna sem snerust til gu\u00f0legra l\u00edfernis.<\/p>\n

\u00deannig ver\u00f0ur kennivald til; handhafar sannleikans t\u00falka vi\u00f0tekin gildi \u00e1 s\u00ednum eigin forsendum.\u00a0N\u00fa er feminstahreyfingin komin vel \u00e1 veg me\u00f0 a\u00f0 gerast handhafi sannleikans \u00ed jafnr\u00e9ttism\u00e1lum, og \u00feegar h\u00fan segir okkur a\u00f0 \u00fea\u00f0 s\u00e9 jafnr\u00e9ttism\u00e1l a\u00f0 koma \u00e1 ritsko\u00f0un e\u00f0a mismuna f\u00f3lki eftir kynfer\u00f0i (svok\u00f6llu\u00f0 „j\u00e1kv\u00e6\u00f0 mismunun“) \u00fe\u00e1 lendum vi\u00f0 \u00ed \u00feeirri st\u00f6\u00f0u a\u00f0 \u00feurfa anna\u00f0 hvort a\u00f0 beygja okkur undir kennivaldi\u00f0, e\u00f0a eiga \u00fea\u00f0 \u00e1 h\u00e6ttu a\u00f0 vera \u00e1litin jafnr\u00e9ttishatarar.<\/p>\n

Tilgangurinn me\u00f0 jafnr\u00e9ttisfr\u00e6\u00f0slu \u00ed sk\u00f3lum<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tilgangur feminista me\u00f0 svokalla\u00f0ri jafnr\u00e9ttisfr\u00e6\u00f0slu er s\u00e1 a\u00f0 taka s\u00e9r kennivald. N\u00fdta a\u00f0gengi a\u00f0 b\u00f6rnum og unglingum til a\u00f0 endurm\u00f3ta hugmyndir komandi kynsl\u00f3\u00f0a um allt sem l\u00fdtur a\u00f0 samskiptum kynjanna. \u00c1 yfirbor\u00f0inu er \u00feetta allt saman vo\u00f0a fallegt og l\u00fd\u00f0r\u00e6\u00f0islegt. Losa skal b\u00f6rnin \u00far viljum sta\u00f0almynda og kenna \u00feeim vir\u00f0ingu fyrir einstaklingsmun. \u00deetta fellur \u00ed krami\u00f0 og tilraunaverkefni \u00ed\u00a0jafnr\u00e9ttisfr\u00e6\u00f0slu<\/a>\u00a0hafa \u00feegar veri\u00f0 keyr\u00f0 \u00ed nokkrum sk\u00f3lum og leiksk\u00f3lum.<\/p>\n

\u00deegar betur er a\u00f0 g\u00e1\u00f0 kemur \u00fe\u00f3 \u00ed lj\u00f3s a\u00f0 „fr\u00e6\u00f0slan“ er \u00e1 forsendum feminista. Taki\u00f0 eftir \u00fev\u00ed hvernig fjalla\u00f0 er um kynjafr\u00e6\u00f0i sem forsendu jafnr\u00e9ttisfr\u00e6\u00f0slu\u00a0t.d. h\u00e9r<\/a>. N\u00e1i \u00feessi \u00e1form fram a\u00f0 ganga ver\u00f0ur jafnr\u00e9ttisfr\u00e6\u00f0sla fyrst og fremst „fr\u00e6\u00f0sla“ um \u00fea\u00f0 a\u00f0 karlar beiti \u00f6llum r\u00e1\u00f0um til a\u00f0 k\u00faga konur. \u00deegar er veri\u00f0 a\u00f0 gera tilraunir \u00e1 leiksk\u00f3lab\u00f6rnum og einnig hefur veri\u00f0 stigi\u00f0 st\u00f3rt skerf \u00ed \u00e1tt a\u00f0 kynjafr\u00e6\u00f0itr\u00fabo\u00f0i \u00ed sk\u00f3lum me\u00f0 \u00fatg\u00e1fu Kynungab\u00f3kar sem vir\u00f0ist vera \u00e6tlu\u00f0 framhaldssk\u00f3lum og kannski efstu bekkjum grunnsk\u00f3lans.<\/p>\n

P\u00f3lit\u00edskar forsendur Kynungab\u00f3kar<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Kynungab\u00f3k<\/a>\u00a0er gefin \u00fat undir yfirskini jafnr\u00e9ttishugsj\u00f3nar. H\u00f6fundar hennar eru fimm konur en enginn karl. B\u00f3kin ber \u00f6ll merki kvenhyggju, jafnvel sj\u00e1lf skilgreiningin \u00e1 or\u00f0inu feministi, sem notu\u00f0 er \u00ed hugtakalistanum (bls 41) er fengin a\u00f0 l\u00e1ni fr\u00e1 feministaf\u00e9laginu.\u00a0\u00c9g hef oft gagn\u00fdnt a\u00f0fer\u00f0afr\u00e6\u00f0i og heimildanotkun kynjafr\u00e6\u00f0innar. \u00c9g \u00e6tla ekki \u00fat \u00ed \u00fe\u00e1 s\u00e1lma hva\u00f0 Kynungab\u00f3k var\u00f0ar, heldur benda \u00e1\u00a0\u00e1g\u00e6tan pistil H\u00f6rpu Hreinsd\u00f3ttur<\/a>\u00a0um \u00feetta \u00f6ndvegisrit.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00der\u00e1tt fyrir hi\u00f0 fr\u00e6\u00f0ilega yfirbrag\u00f0 sem st\u00f6plaritin gefa henni, er Kynungab\u00f3k\u00a0er ekki fr\u00e6\u00f0irit heldur h\u00e1p\u00f3lit\u00edskt verk, \u00fear sem sko\u00f0unum h\u00f6funda er haldi\u00f0 fram sem sta\u00f0reyndum.\u00a0\u00c1r\u00f3\u00f0urinn er gr\u00edmulaus og strax \u00ed inngangnum (bls 7) er p\u00f3lit\u00edskur grunnur b\u00f3karinnar kynntur:<\/p>\n

Kynungab\u00f3k byggir \u00e1 fem\u00edn\u00edskum hugmyndum\u00a0og m\u00f3tunarhyggju<\/p><\/blockquote>\n

Feminiskum hugmyndum og m\u00f3tunarhyggju. Ekki v\u00edsindum, heldur tr\u00fa.<\/p>\n

Hva\u00f0 er m\u00f3tunarhyggja?<\/strong><\/h2>\n

„M\u00f3tunarhyggja“ er s\u00fa sko\u00f0un a\u00f0 drengir og st\u00falkur s\u00e9u f\u00e6dd me\u00f0 s\u00f6mu getu og tilhneigingar \u00e1 \u00f6llum svi\u00f0um. Kynjamunur hva\u00f0 var\u00f0ar \u00e1hugasvi\u00f0, \u00e1h\u00e6ttuheg\u00f0un o.sfrv. s\u00e9 eing\u00f6ngu vegna samf\u00e9lagslegra \u00e1hrifa. Andst\u00e6\u00f0a m\u00f3tunarhyggju er e\u00f0lishyggja sem gengur \u00fat fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 kynin s\u00e9u \u00f3l\u00edk fr\u00e1 n\u00e1tt\u00farunnar hendi.<\/p>\n

\u00de\u00f3tt hreinr\u00e6ktu\u00f0 e\u00f0lishyggja eigi s\u00e1ralitlu fylgi a\u00f0 fagna innan f\u00e9lagsv\u00edsindanna, er langt fr\u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 m\u00f3tunarkenningar hafi veri\u00f0 sanna\u00f0ar. Almennt er vi\u00f0urkennt a\u00f0 f\u00e9lagslegt umhverfi hafi \u00e1hrif en fj\u00f6ldi v\u00edsindamanna telur f\u00e9lagslega \u00fe\u00e6tti engan veginn n\u00e6gja til a\u00f0 sk\u00fdra kynjamun. \u00c9g hvet \u00fe\u00e1 sem l\u00e1ta sig jafnr\u00e9ttism\u00e1l var\u00f0a\u00a0a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a \u00feessa\u00a0r\u00f6kr\u00e6\u00f0u milli tveggja s\u00e1lfr\u00e6\u00f0ipr\u00f3fessora,<\/a>\u00a0Stevens Pinker og Elizabeth Spelke um sk\u00fdringar \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed a\u00f0 yfirgn\u00e6fandi fj\u00f6ldi afreksmanna \u00e1 svi\u00f0i raunv\u00edsinda eru karlar. Fyrirlestrarnir eru b\u00e6\u00f0i \u00e1 myndbandi og ritu\u00f0u formi og einnig er h\u00e6gt a\u00f0 sko\u00f0a gl\u00f3sur \u00far hvorum fyrirlestri. Gaman v\u00e6ri ef lesendur seg\u00f0u svo \u00e1lit sitt \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed, eftir a\u00f0 hafa kynnt s\u00e9r b\u00e6\u00f0i sj\u00f3narmi\u00f0, hvort e\u00f0lilegt s\u00e9 a\u00f0 leggja m\u00f3tunarhyggju til grundvallar \u00ed sk\u00f3lastarfi.<\/p>\n

\n

\u00cd n\u00e6sta pistli \u00ed \u00feessari r\u00f6\u00f0 mun \u00e9g sko\u00f0a efnist\u00f6k Kynungab\u00f3kar. \u00cd millit\u00ed\u00f0inni geta \u00e1hugasamir t.d. sko\u00f0a\u00f0\u00a0Jafnr\u00e9ttis\u00fevers\u00f6gnina,\u00a0<\/em>norska heimildamynd \u00fear sem leita\u00f0 er sk\u00fdringa \u00e1 \u00fev\u00ed hversvegna starfsval er enn\u00fe\u00e1 kynbundi\u00f0 \u00ed Noregi eftir \u00e1ratuga frelsi \u00ed n\u00e1mi og starfsvali.<\/p>\n